If you invested $100 in the S&P 500 at the beginning of 1968, you would have about $216.42 at the end of 1981, assuming you reinvested all dividends. This is a return on investment of 116.42%, or 5.67% per year.
This lump-sum investment does not beat inflation during this period, for an inflation-adjusted return of -17.15% cumulatively, or -1.33% per year.
If you used dollar-cost averaging (monthly) instead of a lump-sum investment, you'd have $203.22.
The graph below shows the performance of $100 over time if invested in an S&P 500 index fund. The returns assume that all dividends are automatically reinvested.
The nominal return on investment of $100 is $116.42, or 116.42%. This means by 1981 you would have $216.42 in your pocket.
However, it's important to take into account the effect of inflation when considering an investment and especially a long-term investment. You can convert S&P returns to their real (inflation-adjusted) value using an inflation calculation based on the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Price Index (CPI).
In the case of the returns described above, the CPI in 1968 was 34.800 and the CPI in 1981 was 90.900.
The ratio between these CPIs describes how relative buying power of a dollar has changed over 13 years.
Adjusted for inflation, the $216.42 nominal end value of the original $100 investment would have a real return of roughly $-17.15 in 1968 dollars. This means the inflation-adjusted return is -17.15% as opposed to the original 116.42%.
The table below shows the full dataset pertaining to a $100 investment, including gains and losses over the 168-month period between 1968 and 1981.
Note that data shown is the monthly average closing price. Returns include dividends.
Year
Month
Return (%)
Amount ($)
CPI
1968
1
-4.26%
95.74
34.10
1968
2
-1.56%
94.25
34.20
1968
3
7.66%
101.47
34.30
1968
4
2.56%
104.07
34.40
1968
5
2.94%
107.13
34.50
1968
6
0.05%
107.18
34.70
1968
7
-1.93%
105.11
34.90
1968
8
3.51%
108.79
35.00
1968
9
2.72%
111.75
35.10
1968
10
1.79%
113.75
35.30
1968
11
1.29%
115.21
35.40
1968
12
-3.99%
110.62
35.50
1969
1
-0.24%
110.35
35.60
1969
2
-1.91%
108.24
35.80
1969
3
2.27%
110.70
36.10
1969
4
3.51%
114.59
36.30
1969
5
-4.97%
108.89
36.40
1969
6
-4.21%
104.32
36.60
1969
7
-0.28%
104.02
36.80
1969
8
0.63%
104.67
37.00
1969
9
1.35%
106.08
37.10
1969
10
1.00%
107.14
37.30
1969
11
-5.03%
101.75
37.50
1969
12
-0.59%
101.15
37.70
1970
1
-3.20%
97.92
37.80
1970
2
2.01%
99.89
38.00
1970
3
-2.75%
97.15
38.20
1970
4
-11.20%
86.27
38.50
1970
5
-0.27%
86.04
38.60
1970
6
0.52%
86.48
38.80
1970
7
3.26%
89.30
39.00
1970
8
6.32%
94.95
39.00
1970
9
2.49%
97.31
39.20
1970
10
0.21%
97.51
39.40
1970
11
7.16%
104.49
39.60
1970
12
4.11%
108.79
39.80
1971
1
4.15%
113.30
39.80
1971
2
2.83%
116.51
39.90
1971
3
3.67%
120.79
40.00
1971
4
-1.11%
119.45
40.10
1971
5
-1.60%
117.55
40.30
1971
6
-0.46%
117.00
40.60
1971
7
-1.52%
115.23
40.70
1971
8
2.49%
118.09
40.80
1971
9
-1.86%
115.89
40.80
1971
10
-4.37%
110.82
40.90
1971
11
7.16%
118.76
40.90
1971
12
4.42%
124.02
41.10
1972
1
2.09%
126.60
41.10
1972
2
2.62%
129.92
41.30
1972
3
1.26%
131.56
41.40
1972
4
-0.78%
130.54
41.50
1972
5
0.52%
131.21
41.60
1972
6
-0.50%
130.55
41.70
1972
7
3.78%
135.49
41.90
1972
8
-1.21%
133.85
42.00
1972
9
0.42%
134.41
42.10
1972
10
5.25%
141.47
42.30
1972
11
2.31%
144.74
42.40
1972
12
0.99%
146.17
42.50
1973
1
-3.33%
141.31
42.60
1973
2
-1.35%
139.41
42.90
1973
3
-1.63%
137.13
43.30
1973
4
-2.57%
133.61
43.60
1973
5
-1.99%
130.95
43.90
1973
6
1.21%
132.53
44.20
1973
7
-1.64%
130.37
44.30
1973
8
2.00%
132.97
45.10
1973
9
4.24%
138.60
45.20
1973
10
-6.85%
129.10
45.60
1973
11
-6.81%
120.32
45.90
1973
12
1.70%
122.36
46.20
1974
1
-2.47%
119.34
46.60
1974
2
4.57%
124.79
47.20
1974
3
-4.82%
118.78
47.80
1974
4
-2.71%
115.57
48.00
1974
5
0.46%
116.10
48.60
1974
6
-11.35%
102.93
49.00
1974
7
-3.76%
99.05
49.40
1974
8
-10.01%
89.13
50.00
1974
9
2.38%
91.25
50.60
1974
10
3.74%
94.67
51.10
1974
11
-6.09%
88.90
51.50
1974
12
8.63%
96.57
51.90
1975
1
10.81%
107.01
52.10
1975
2
4.97%
112.33
52.50
1975
3
1.49%
114.00
52.70
1975
4
6.71%
121.66
52.90
1975
5
2.89%
125.18
53.20
1975
6
0.43%
125.72
53.60
1975
7
-7.00%
116.92
54.20
1975
8
-0.85%
115.93
54.30
1975
9
4.97%
121.69
54.60
1975
10
2.04%
124.17
54.90
1975
11
-1.18%
122.71
55.30
1975
12
9.55%
134.42
55.50
1976
1
4.18%
140.04
55.60
1976
2
0.80%
141.16
55.80
1976
3
1.10%
142.71
55.90
1976
4
-0.38%
142.16
56.10
1976
5
0.90%
143.44
56.50
1976
6
2.67%
147.26
56.80
1976
7
-0.56%
146.44
57.10
1976
8
2.44%
150.01
57.40
1976
9
-3.11%
145.35
57.60
1976
10
-0.37%
144.81
57.90
1976
11
3.79%
150.30
58.00
1976
12
-0.54%
149.49
58.20
1977
1
-2.37%
145.95
58.50
1977
2
-0.05%
145.87
59.10
1977
3
-1.19%
144.13
59.50
1977
4
0.06%
144.22
60.00
1977
5
0.90%
145.52
60.30
1977
6
1.28%
147.39
60.70
1977
7
-2.08%
144.32
61.00
1977
8
-1.18%
142.63
61.20
1977
9
-2.20%
139.49
61.40
1977
10
0.98%
140.86
61.60
1977
11
-0.08%
140.75
61.90
1977
12
-3.39%
135.97
62.10
1978
1
-0.97%
134.65
62.50
1978
2
0.27%
135.01
62.90
1978
3
4.83%
141.53
63.40
1978
4
5.50%
149.32
63.90
1978
5
0.67%
150.33
64.50
1978
6
-0.06%
150.23
65.20
1978
7
7.33%
161.24
65.70
1978
8
0.40%
161.89
66.00
1978
9
-2.77%
157.40
66.50
1978
10
-5.44%
148.84
67.10
1978
11
1.92%
151.70
67.40
1978
12
4.19%
158.05
67.70
1979
1
-1.06%
156.38
68.30
1979
2
2.34%
160.04
69.10
1979
3
2.43%
163.93
69.80
1979
4
-1.89%
160.83
70.60
1979
5
2.42%
164.72
71.50
1979
6
1.42%
167.06
72.30
1979
7
5.01%
175.43
73.10
1979
8
1.54%
178.14
73.80
1979
9
-3.35%
172.16
74.60
1979
10
-0.32%
171.61
75.20
1979
11
4.40%
179.17
75.90
1979
12
3.31%
185.10
76.70
1980
1
4.40%
193.24
77.80
1980
2
-8.78%
176.28
78.90
1980
3
-1.16%
174.23
80.10
1980
4
5.04%
183.00
81.00
1980
5
6.86%
195.56
81.80
1980
6
4.97%
205.28
82.70
1980
7
3.50%
212.47
82.70
1980
8
2.84%
218.50
83.30
1980
9
3.32%
225.76
84.00
1980
10
4.61%
236.18
84.80
1980
11
-1.24%
233.24
85.50
1980
12
0.01%
233.26
86.30
1981
1
-3.07%
226.10
87.00
1981
2
4.14%
235.47
87.90
1981
3
1.29%
238.52
88.50
1981
4
-1.62%
234.66
89.10
1981
5
0.86%
236.67
89.80
1981
6
-2.02%
231.90
90.60
1981
7
0.80%
233.76
91.60
1981
8
-8.30%
214.35
92.30
1981
9
1.73%
218.06
93.20
1981
10
3.04%
224.69
93.40
1981
11
1.18%
227.34
93.70
1981
12
-4.80%
216.42
94.00
Click to show 150 more rows
Remember, returns are based on the average closing price across the entire month. Some losses are offset by dividend returns.
Dollar-cost averaging
Dollar-cost averaging is an alternative to investing the full lump-sum of $100.00 up-front. Instead, the capital is invested over a period of time.
Consider a strategy in which $100.00 was invested in the S&P 500 over a period of no more than 24 months beginning in 1968. This would result in a final amount of $203.22, including dividend reinvestments. In this particular case, dollar-cost average returns are less than the returns of a lump-sum investment (which ends with $216.42).
Year
Month
Contribution ($)
Amount ($)
1968
1
4.16
3.97
1968
2
4.16
7.99
1968
3
4.16
13.07
1968
4
4.16
17.66
1968
5
4.16
22.46
1968
6
4.16
26.62
1968
7
4.16
30.17
1968
8
4.16
35.53
1968
9
4.16
40.75
1968
10
4.16
45.71
1968
11
4.16
50.50
1968
12
4.16
52.47
1969
1
4.16
56.48
1969
2
4.16
59.47
1969
3
4.16
65.07
1969
4
4.16
71.65
1969
5
4.16
72.03
1969
6
4.16
72.98
1969
7
4.16
76.91
1969
8
4.16
81.56
1969
9
4.16
86.87
1969
10
4.16
91.92
1969
11
4.16
91.24
1969
12
4.32
94.99
1970
1
-
91.95
1970
2
-
93.80
1970
3
-
91.22
1970
4
-
81.01
1970
5
-
80.79
1970
6
-
81.21
1970
7
-
83.85
1970
8
-
89.15
1970
9
-
91.37
1970
10
-
91.56
1970
11
-
98.12
1970
12
-
102.15
1971
1
-
106.39
1971
2
-
109.40
1971
3
-
113.42
1971
4
-
112.17
1971
5
-
110.38
1971
6
-
109.87
1971
7
-
108.20
1971
8
-
110.89
1971
9
-
108.82
1971
10
-
104.07
1971
11
-
111.52
1971
12
-
116.45
1972
1
-
118.88
1972
2
-
122.00
1972
3
-
123.53
1972
4
-
122.57
1972
5
-
123.21
1972
6
-
122.59
1972
7
-
127.22
1972
8
-
125.68
1972
9
-
126.21
1972
10
-
132.84
1972
11
-
135.91
1972
12
-
137.26
1973
1
-
132.69
1973
2
-
130.91
1973
3
-
128.77
1973
4
-
125.46
1973
5
-
122.96
1973
6
-
124.45
1973
7
-
122.42
1973
8
-
124.86
1973
9
-
130.15
1973
10
-
121.23
1973
11
-
112.98
1973
12
-
114.90
1974
1
-
112.06
1974
2
-
117.18
1974
3
-
111.54
1974
4
-
108.52
1974
5
-
109.02
1974
6
-
96.65
1974
7
-
93.01
1974
8
-
83.70
1974
9
-
85.68
1974
10
-
88.89
1974
11
-
83.48
1974
12
-
90.68
1975
1
-
100.48
1975
2
-
105.48
1975
3
-
107.05
1975
4
-
114.24
1975
5
-
117.54
1975
6
-
118.05
1975
7
-
109.79
1975
8
-
108.86
1975
9
-
114.27
1975
10
-
116.60
1975
11
-
115.22
1975
12
-
126.22
1976
1
-
131.50
1976
2
-
132.55
1976
3
-
134.00
1976
4
-
133.49
1976
5
-
134.69
1976
6
-
138.28
1976
7
-
137.51
1976
8
-
140.86
1976
9
-
136.48
1976
10
-
135.98
1976
11
-
141.13
1976
12
-
140.37
1977
1
-
137.05
1977
2
-
136.97
1977
3
-
135.34
1977
4
-
135.43
1977
5
-
136.64
1977
6
-
138.40
1977
7
-
135.52
1977
8
-
133.93
1977
9
-
130.98
1977
10
-
132.27
1977
11
-
132.16
1977
12
-
127.68
1978
1
-
126.44
1978
2
-
126.78
1978
3
-
132.90
1978
4
-
140.21
1978
5
-
141.16
1978
6
-
141.07
1978
7
-
151.41
1978
8
-
152.01
1978
9
-
147.80
1978
10
-
139.76
1978
11
-
142.45
1978
12
-
148.41
1979
1
-
146.84
1979
2
-
150.28
1979
3
-
153.93
1979
4
-
151.02
1979
5
-
154.67
1979
6
-
156.87
1979
7
-
164.73
1979
8
-
167.27
1979
9
-
161.66
1979
10
-
161.14
1979
11
-
168.24
1979
12
-
173.81
1980
1
-
181.45
1980
2
-
165.52
1980
3
-
163.60
1980
4
-
171.84
1980
5
-
183.63
1980
6
-
192.76
1980
7
-
199.51
1980
8
-
205.17
1980
9
-
211.99
1980
10
-
221.78
1980
11
-
219.02
1980
12
-
219.04
1981
1
-
212.31
1981
2
-
221.11
1981
3
-
223.97
1981
4
-
220.35
1981
5
-
222.24
1981
6
-
217.76
1981
7
-
219.50
1981
8
-
201.28
1981
9
-
204.76
1981
10
-
210.99
1981
11
-
213.48
1981
12
-
203.22
Click to show 150 more rows
Data Sources
The information on this page is derived from Robert Shiller's book, Irrational Exuberance and the accompanying dataset, as well as the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' monthly CPI logs.
Note that S&P index value for the current quarter is based on a moving average of closing prices, per Robert Shiller's methodology. The inflation data used is based on annual CPI averages.
About the author
Ian Webster is an engineer and data expert based in San Mateo, California. He has worked for Google, NASA, and consulted for governments around the world on data pipelines and data analysis. Disappointed by the lack of clear resources on the impacts of inflation on economic indicators, Ian believes this website serves as a valuable public tool. Ian earned his degree in Computer Science from Dartmouth College.
