If you invested $100 in the S&P 500 at the beginning of 1871, you would have about $748.24 at the end of 1900, assuming you reinvested all dividends. This is a return on investment of 648.24%, or 6.94% per year.
This lump-sum investment beats inflation during this period for an inflation-adjusted return of about 986.74% cumulatively, or 8.28% per year.
If you used dollar-cost averaging (monthly) instead of a lump-sum investment, you'd have $647.65.
The graph below shows the performance of $100 over time if invested in an S&P 500 index fund. The returns assume that all dividends are automatically reinvested.
The nominal return on investment of $100 is $648.24, or 648.24%. This means by 1900 you would have $748.24 in your pocket.
However, it's important to take into account the effect of inflation when considering an investment and especially a long-term investment. You can convert S&P returns to their real (inflation-adjusted) value using an inflation calculation based on the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Price Index (CPI).
In the case of the returns described above, the CPI in 1871 was 12.200 and the CPI in 1900 was 8.400.
The ratio between these CPIs describes how relative buying power of a dollar has changed over 29 years.
Adjusted for inflation, the $748.24 nominal end value of the original $100 investment would have a real return of roughly $986.74 in 1871 dollars. This means the inflation-adjusted return is 986.74% as opposed to the original 648.24%.
The table below shows the full dataset pertaining to a $100 investment, including gains and losses over the 360-month period between 1871 and 1900.
Note that data shown is the monthly average closing price. Returns include dividends.
Year
Month
Return (%)
Amount ($)
1871
1
1.84%
101.84
1871
2
2.93%
104.82
1871
3
3.29%
108.27
1871
4
2.99%
111.50
1871
5
-0.38%
111.08
1871
6
-1.42%
109.51
1871
7
1.73%
111.40
1871
8
1.50%
113.07
1871
9
-4.72%
107.73
1871
10
1.56%
109.41
1871
11
2.62%
112.28
1871
12
2.99%
115.64
1872
1
0.86%
116.64
1872
2
3.73%
120.99
1872
3
3.22%
124.89
1872
4
0.44%
125.44
1872
5
-0.52%
124.79
1872
6
-0.13%
124.63
1872
7
-0.71%
123.74
1872
8
-1.31%
122.11
1872
9
0.89%
123.20
1872
10
0.09%
123.31
1872
11
2.92%
126.92
1872
12
1.28%
128.55
1873
1
1.28%
130.19
1873
2
-0.28%
129.82
1873
3
-0.87%
128.69
1873
4
0.71%
129.61
1873
5
-0.87%
128.48
1873
6
0.33%
128.90
1873
7
0.53%
129.58
1873
8
-7.11%
120.37
1873
9
-8.13%
110.59
1873
10
-2.93%
107.34
1873
11
10.08%
118.16
1873
12
6.05%
125.31
1874
1
3.59%
129.82
1874
2
-0.89%
128.67
1874
3
-2.17%
125.88
1874
4
-2.01%
123.35
1874
5
0.17%
123.56
1874
6
0.62%
124.32
1874
7
0.84%
125.36
1874
8
2.18%
128.10
1874
9
0.39%
128.59
1874
10
1.49%
130.51
1874
11
-0.05%
130.44
1874
12
0.61%
131.23
1875
1
0.38%
131.73
1875
2
1.92%
134.26
1875
3
1.89%
136.80
1875
4
-3.30%
132.29
1875
5
-1.42%
130.41
1875
6
0.83%
131.49
1875
7
1.05%
132.87
1875
8
-0.32%
132.44
1875
9
-1.02%
131.10
1875
10
2.22%
134.00
1875
11
0.58%
134.78
1875
12
2.63%
138.32
1876
1
1.91%
140.96
1876
2
0.33%
141.43
1876
3
-3.22%
136.88
1876
4
-3.11%
132.62
1876
5
-0.12%
132.46
1876
6
-0.60%
131.67
1876
7
-3.54%
127.01
1876
8
-5.47%
120.06
1876
9
0.14%
120.22
1876
10
-1.23%
118.75
1876
11
0.14%
118.92
1876
12
-0.14%
118.75
1877
1
-5.23%
112.54
1877
2
-4.39%
107.60
1877
3
-6.54%
100.56
1877
4
0.75%
101.31
1877
5
-6.42%
94.81
1877
6
5.14%
99.68
1877
7
7.71%
107.36
1877
8
6.85%
114.72
1877
9
2.72%
117.84
1877
10
-0.99%
116.68
1877
11
0.20%
116.91
1877
12
0.49%
117.48
1878
1
-1.67%
115.52
1878
2
2.38%
118.27
1878
3
3.26%
122.13
1878
4
0.77%
123.06
1878
5
2.56%
126.21
1878
6
2.50%
129.38
1878
7
-0.42%
128.83
1878
8
2.47%
132.02
1878
9
-0.70%
131.09
1878
10
0.15%
131.28
1878
11
-0.14%
131.09
1878
12
4.20%
136.60
1879
1
4.05%
142.14
1879
2
-1.21%
140.43
1879
3
3.71%
145.64
1879
4
4.92%
152.81
1879
5
0.91%
154.19
1879
6
2.42%
157.92
1879
7
1.14%
159.72
1879
8
4.08%
166.24
1879
9
11.29%
185.00
1879
10
5.69%
195.53
1879
11
0.13%
195.79
1879
12
4.20%
204.01
1880
1
2.10%
208.29
1880
2
2.26%
212.99
1880
3
-1.93%
208.89
1880
4
-7.56%
193.09
1880
5
0.81%
194.66
1880
6
4.99%
204.38
1880
7
3.98%
212.53
1880
8
0.19%
212.93
1880
9
3.29%
219.94
1880
10
5.64%
232.35
1880
11
4.48%
242.76
1880
12
6.36%
258.21
1881
1
0.03%
258.30
1881
2
1.50%
262.17
1881
3
0.05%
262.29
1881
4
4.88%
275.08
1881
5
1.60%
279.47
1881
6
-3.13%
270.73
1881
7
-1.98%
265.38
1881
8
1.21%
268.59
1881
9
-1.19%
265.39
1881
10
1.07%
268.23
1881
11
-2.48%
261.57
1881
12
-1.05%
258.81
1882
1
-1.75%
254.29
1882
2
0.29%
255.03
1882
3
0.46%
256.20
1882
4
-0.75%
254.28
1882
5
-0.06%
254.13
1882
6
6.10%
269.64
1882
7
3.44%
278.93
1882
8
1.40%
282.84
1882
9
-2.30%
276.35
1882
10
-3.84%
265.72
1882
11
0.98%
268.31
1882
12
-0.06%
268.16
1883
1
-1.78%
263.40
1883
2
1.70%
267.88
1883
3
2.55%
274.73
1883
4
-1.24%
271.31
1883
5
1.33%
274.93
1883
6
-1.08%
271.96
1883
7
-4.06%
260.91
1883
8
1.59%
265.07
1883
9
-2.22%
259.18
1883
10
2.00%
264.36
1883
11
-1.70%
259.87
1883
12
-2.48%
253.43
1884
1
3.23%
261.61
1884
2
0.14%
261.97
1884
3
-4.02%
251.45
1884
4
-7.57%
232.41
1884
5
-3.51%
224.25
1884
6
0.60%
225.59
1884
7
6.87%
241.10
1884
8
-2.61%
234.81
1884
9
-2.70%
228.48
1884
10
-1.44%
225.19
1884
11
0.37%
226.02
1884
12
-1.71%
222.16
1885
1
3.66%
230.30
1885
2
0.80%
232.13
1885
3
0.33%
232.90
1885
4
-0.60%
231.50
1885
5
0.08%
231.69
1885
6
4.25%
241.54
1885
7
6.11%
256.30
1885
8
-0.81%
254.23
1885
9
6.27%
270.16
1885
10
6.93%
288.88
1885
11
-0.37%
287.81
1885
12
0.38%
288.92
1886
1
2.30%
295.57
1886
2
-1.70%
290.54
1886
3
-0.97%
287.72
1886
4
-1.57%
283.19
1886
5
4.97%
297.25
1886
6
1.89%
302.87
1886
7
1.11%
306.22
1886
8
2.96%
315.28
1886
9
2.88%
324.37
1886
10
2.81%
333.47
1886
11
-2.27%
325.90
1886
12
-0.74%
323.49
1887
1
-0.38%
322.25
1887
2
2.69%
330.90
1887
3
2.63%
339.59
1887
4
2.05%
346.57
1887
5
-2.55%
337.72
1887
6
-2.10%
330.62
1887
7
-2.15%
323.51
1887
8
-0.92%
320.55
1887
9
-2.97%
311.03
1887
10
2.32%
318.23
1887
11
-0.18%
317.67
1887
12
1.15%
321.33
1888
1
-0.18%
320.77
1888
2
-3.40%
309.87
1888
3
0.80%
312.33
1888
4
1.77%
317.86
1888
5
-2.71%
309.26
1888
6
2.99%
318.52
1888
7
2.53%
326.57
1888
8
2.85%
335.88
1888
9
-0.19%
335.23
1888
10
-1.69%
329.56
1888
11
-1.54%
324.48
1888
12
2.32%
332.01
1889
1
1.51%
337.02
1889
2
-1.72%
331.23
1889
3
0.17%
331.81
1889
4
3.07%
341.98
1889
5
2.05%
348.98
1889
6
-1.69%
343.09
1889
7
1.67%
348.83
1889
8
2.77%
358.49
1889
9
-1.48%
353.18
1889
10
-0.58%
351.11
1889
11
-0.22%
350.35
1889
12
1.47%
355.51
1890
1
-0.77%
352.76
1890
2
-0.41%
351.32
1890
3
2.43%
359.86
1890
4
4.61%
376.44
1890
5
-0.39%
374.99
1890
6
-0.39%
373.53
1890
7
-2.02%
366.00
1890
8
-1.32%
361.16
1890
9
-4.17%
346.11
1890
10
-6.92%
322.15
1890
11
-1.95%
315.88
1890
12
5.62%
333.62
1891
1
1.62%
339.02
1891
2
-1.46%
334.06
1891
3
3.71%
346.44
1891
4
-0.03%
346.33
1891
5
-1.65%
340.61
1891
6
-1.27%
336.28
1891
7
3.74%
348.86
1891
8
8.49%
378.46
1891
9
0.34%
379.76
1891
10
-1.16%
375.37
1891
11
3.40%
388.12
1891
12
2.19%
396.61
1892
1
0.52%
398.66
1892
2
1.42%
404.33
1892
3
0.16%
404.97
1892
4
0.34%
406.34
1892
5
-0.20%
405.54
1892
6
0.35%
406.94
1892
7
1.79%
414.24
1892
8
-2.15%
405.35
1892
9
2.36%
414.94
1892
10
0.00%
414.92
1892
11
-0.72%
411.93
1892
12
2.18%
420.90
1893
1
-1.42%
414.90
1893
2
-3.26%
401.36
1893
3
0.38%
402.88
1893
4
-8.47%
368.76
1893
5
-4.33%
352.79
1893
6
-8.88%
321.45
1893
7
-1.90%
315.33
1893
8
7.61%
339.33
1893
9
3.45%
351.03
1893
10
2.02%
358.10
1893
11
-3.05%
347.19
1893
12
-1.57%
341.75
1894
1
1.86%
348.12
1894
2
3.43%
360.06
1894
3
1.77%
366.45
1894
4
-3.29%
354.40
1894
5
-0.92%
351.13
1894
6
-1.63%
345.40
1894
7
4.21%
359.94
1894
8
2.01%
367.17
1894
9
-2.72%
357.20
1894
10
0.42%
358.69
1894
11
-0.51%
356.85
1894
12
-0.76%
354.15
1895
1
-1.00%
350.60
1895
2
0.41%
352.04
1895
3
4.70%
368.60
1895
4
5.88%
390.27
1895
5
2.32%
399.32
1895
6
0.78%
402.43
1895
7
1.83%
409.81
1895
8
0.97%
413.78
1895
9
-1.12%
409.16
1895
10
-3.03%
396.77
1895
11
-5.53%
374.81
1895
12
-0.79%
371.85
1896
1
4.58%
388.89
1896
2
-1.22%
384.15
1896
3
1.27%
389.03
1896
4
-0.10%
388.64
1896
5
-1.47%
382.94
1896
6
-6.12%
359.48
1896
7
-5.31%
340.38
1896
8
5.65%
359.62
1896
9
2.62%
369.05
1896
10
7.20%
395.62
1896
11
-3.31%
382.53
1896
12
0.36%
383.89
1897
1
-0.59%
381.61
1897
2
0.60%
383.90
1897
3
-2.74%
373.36
1897
4
0.86%
376.58
1897
5
5.02%
395.50
1897
6
4.80%
414.49
1897
7
6.84%
442.83
1897
8
5.16%
465.67
1897
9
-2.91%
452.11
1897
10
-3.22%
437.57
1897
11
2.47%
448.40
1897
12
3.05%
462.08
1898
1
0.11%
462.57
1898
2
-4.20%
443.12
1898
3
-1.39%
436.97
1898
4
6.90%
467.14
1898
5
4.22%
486.87
1898
6
0.71%
490.32
1898
7
4.05%
510.20
1898
8
0.12%
510.79
1898
9
-1.78%
501.69
1898
10
3.62%
519.85
1898
11
6.51%
553.71
1898
12
7.91%
597.48
1899
1
4.06%
621.73
1899
2
1.69%
632.25
1899
3
1.51%
641.82
1899
4
-3.91%
616.76
1899
5
-1.98%
604.54
1899
6
3.74%
627.16
1899
7
2.82%
644.85
1899
8
-0.82%
639.57
1899
9
-0.20%
638.29
1899
10
2.17%
652.12
1899
11
-6.54%
609.46
1899
12
1.62%
619.33
1900
1
2.10%
632.34
1900
2
1.11%
639.34
1900
3
1.59%
649.49
1900
4
-4.42%
620.81
1900
5
-2.64%
604.43
1900
6
0.36%
606.62
1900
7
1.74%
617.16
1900
8
-1.98%
604.96
1900
9
4.02%
629.27
1900
10
8.22%
680.97
1900
11
6.39%
724.52
1900
12
3.28%
748.24
Click to show 342 more rows
Remember, returns are based on the average closing price across the entire month. Some losses are offset by dividend returns.
Dollar-cost averaging
Dollar-cost averaging is an alternative to investing the full lump-sum of $100.00 up-front. Instead, the capital is invested over a period of time.
Consider a strategy in which $100.00 was invested in the S&P 500 over a period of no more than 24 months beginning in 1871. This would result in a final amount of $647.65, including dividend reinvestments. In this particular case, dollar-cost average returns are less than the returns of a lump-sum investment (which ends with $748.24).
Year
Month
Contribution ($)
Amount ($)
1871
1
4.16
4.22
1871
2
4.16
8.60
1871
3
4.16
13.16
1871
4
4.16
17.82
1871
5
4.16
21.88
1871
6
4.16
25.65
1871
7
4.16
30.31
1871
8
4.16
34.96
1871
9
4.16
37.26
1871
10
4.16
42.05
1871
11
4.16
47.40
1871
12
4.16
53.08
1872
1
4.16
57.72
1872
2
4.16
64.17
1872
3
4.16
70.51
1872
4
4.16
74.98
1872
5
4.16
78.71
1872
6
4.16
82.74
1872
7
4.16
86.27
1872
8
4.16
89.22
1872
9
4.16
94.19
1872
10
4.16
98.42
1872
11
4.16
105.56
1872
12
4.32
111.27
1873
1
-
112.69
1873
2
-
112.37
1873
3
-
111.39
1873
4
-
112.18
1873
5
-
111.21
1873
6
-
111.57
1873
7
-
112.16
1873
8
-
104.19
1873
9
-
95.72
1873
10
-
92.91
1873
11
-
102.28
1873
12
-
108.47
1874
1
-
112.37
1874
2
-
111.37
1874
3
-
108.96
1874
4
-
106.77
1874
5
-
106.95
1874
6
-
107.61
1874
7
-
108.51
1874
8
-
110.88
1874
9
-
111.30
1874
10
-
112.96
1874
11
-
112.90
1874
12
-
113.59
1875
1
-
114.02
1875
2
-
116.21
1875
3
-
118.41
1875
4
-
114.50
1875
5
-
112.88
1875
6
-
113.81
1875
7
-
115.00
1875
8
-
114.64
1875
9
-
113.47
1875
10
-
115.99
1875
11
-
116.66
1875
12
-
119.73
1876
1
-
122.01
1876
2
-
122.41
1876
3
-
118.48
1876
4
-
114.79
1876
5
-
114.66
1876
6
-
113.97
1876
7
-
109.94
1876
8
-
103.92
1876
9
-
104.06
1876
10
-
102.79
1876
11
-
102.93
1876
12
-
102.78
1877
1
-
97.41
1877
2
-
93.13
1877
3
-
87.04
1877
4
-
87.69
1877
5
-
82.06
1877
6
-
86.28
1877
7
-
92.93
1877
8
-
99.30
1877
9
-
102.00
1877
10
-
100.99
1877
11
-
101.20
1877
12
-
101.69
1878
1
-
99.99
1878
2
-
102.37
1878
3
-
105.71
1878
4
-
106.52
1878
5
-
109.25
1878
6
-
111.98
1878
7
-
111.51
1878
8
-
114.27
1878
9
-
113.46
1878
10
-
113.63
1878
11
-
113.47
1878
12
-
118.24
1879
1
-
123.03
1879
2
-
121.55
1879
3
-
126.06
1879
4
-
132.26
1879
5
-
133.46
1879
6
-
136.69
1879
7
-
138.25
1879
8
-
143.89
1879
9
-
160.13
1879
10
-
169.24
1879
11
-
169.47
1879
12
-
176.58
1880
1
-
180.28
1880
2
-
184.36
1880
3
-
180.81
1880
4
-
167.14
1880
5
-
168.49
1880
6
-
176.91
1880
7
-
183.95
1880
8
-
184.31
1880
9
-
190.37
1880
10
-
201.12
1880
11
-
210.12
1880
12
-
223.50
1881
1
-
223.57
1881
2
-
226.92
1881
3
-
227.03
1881
4
-
238.10
1881
5
-
241.90
1881
6
-
234.33
1881
7
-
229.71
1881
8
-
232.49
1881
9
-
229.71
1881
10
-
232.17
1881
11
-
226.40
1881
12
-
224.02
1882
1
-
220.11
1882
2
-
220.74
1882
3
-
221.76
1882
4
-
220.10
1882
5
-
219.97
1882
6
-
233.39
1882
7
-
241.43
1882
8
-
244.82
1882
9
-
239.19
1882
10
-
230.00
1882
11
-
232.24
1882
12
-
232.11
1883
1
-
227.99
1883
2
-
231.87
1883
3
-
237.79
1883
4
-
234.83
1883
5
-
237.97
1883
6
-
235.40
1883
7
-
225.83
1883
8
-
229.43
1883
9
-
224.34
1883
10
-
228.82
1883
11
-
224.94
1883
12
-
219.36
1884
1
-
226.44
1884
2
-
226.75
1884
3
-
217.64
1884
4
-
201.17
1884
5
-
194.11
1884
6
-
195.27
1884
7
-
208.69
1884
8
-
203.24
1884
9
-
197.76
1884
10
-
194.92
1884
11
-
195.63
1884
12
-
192.29
1885
1
-
199.34
1885
2
-
200.93
1885
3
-
201.59
1885
4
-
200.38
1885
5
-
200.54
1885
6
-
209.07
1885
7
-
221.84
1885
8
-
220.05
1885
9
-
233.84
1885
10
-
250.05
1885
11
-
249.12
1885
12
-
250.07
1886
1
-
255.84
1886
2
-
251.48
1886
3
-
249.04
1886
4
-
245.12
1886
5
-
257.29
1886
6
-
262.15
1886
7
-
265.06
1886
8
-
272.90
1886
9
-
280.76
1886
10
-
288.64
1886
11
-
282.09
1886
12
-
280.00
1887
1
-
278.93
1887
2
-
286.41
1887
3
-
293.94
1887
4
-
299.98
1887
5
-
292.32
1887
6
-
286.18
1887
7
-
280.02
1887
8
-
277.45
1887
9
-
269.21
1887
10
-
275.45
1887
11
-
274.96
1887
12
-
278.13
1888
1
-
277.65
1888
2
-
268.21
1888
3
-
270.34
1888
4
-
275.13
1888
5
-
267.69
1888
6
-
275.70
1888
7
-
282.67
1888
8
-
290.73
1888
9
-
290.17
1888
10
-
285.25
1888
11
-
280.86
1888
12
-
287.37
1889
1
-
291.71
1889
2
-
286.70
1889
3
-
287.20
1889
4
-
296.01
1889
5
-
302.06
1889
6
-
296.97
1889
7
-
301.94
1889
8
-
310.29
1889
9
-
305.70
1889
10
-
303.91
1889
11
-
303.25
1889
12
-
307.72
1890
1
-
305.34
1890
2
-
304.09
1890
3
-
311.48
1890
4
-
325.83
1890
5
-
324.58
1890
6
-
323.32
1890
7
-
316.80
1890
8
-
312.60
1890
9
-
299.58
1890
10
-
278.84
1890
11
-
273.41
1890
12
-
288.77
1891
1
-
293.44
1891
2
-
289.15
1891
3
-
299.87
1891
4
-
299.77
1891
5
-
294.82
1891
6
-
291.08
1891
7
-
301.96
1891
8
-
327.58
1891
9
-
328.71
1891
10
-
324.90
1891
11
-
335.94
1891
12
-
343.29
1892
1
-
345.06
1892
2
-
349.98
1892
3
-
350.52
1892
4
-
351.71
1892
5
-
351.02
1892
6
-
352.24
1892
7
-
358.55
1892
8
-
350.86
1892
9
-
359.15
1892
10
-
359.14
1892
11
-
356.55
1892
12
-
364.31
1893
1
-
359.12
1893
2
-
347.40
1893
3
-
348.72
1893
4
-
319.19
1893
5
-
305.36
1893
6
-
278.23
1893
7
-
272.94
1893
8
-
293.71
1893
9
-
303.84
1893
10
-
309.96
1893
11
-
300.52
1893
12
-
295.80
1894
1
-
301.32
1894
2
-
311.66
1894
3
-
317.19
1894
4
-
306.76
1894
5
-
303.93
1894
6
-
298.97
1894
7
-
311.55
1894
8
-
317.81
1894
9
-
309.18
1894
10
-
310.47
1894
11
-
308.88
1894
12
-
306.54
1895
1
-
303.47
1895
2
-
304.72
1895
3
-
319.05
1895
4
-
337.81
1895
5
-
345.63
1895
6
-
348.33
1895
7
-
354.72
1895
8
-
358.15
1895
9
-
354.16
1895
10
-
343.43
1895
11
-
324.42
1895
12
-
321.86
1896
1
-
336.61
1896
2
-
332.50
1896
3
-
336.73
1896
4
-
336.39
1896
5
-
331.46
1896
6
-
311.16
1896
7
-
294.62
1896
8
-
311.27
1896
9
-
319.44
1896
10
-
342.43
1896
11
-
331.10
1896
12
-
332.28
1897
1
-
330.31
1897
2
-
332.29
1897
3
-
323.17
1897
4
-
325.95
1897
5
-
342.33
1897
6
-
358.76
1897
7
-
383.30
1897
8
-
403.07
1897
9
-
391.33
1897
10
-
378.75
1897
11
-
388.12
1897
12
-
399.96
1898
1
-
400.38
1898
2
-
383.55
1898
3
-
378.23
1898
4
-
404.34
1898
5
-
421.42
1898
6
-
424.40
1898
7
-
441.61
1898
8
-
442.12
1898
9
-
434.24
1898
10
-
449.96
1898
11
-
479.27
1898
12
-
517.16
1899
1
-
538.15
1899
2
-
547.25
1899
3
-
555.54
1899
4
-
533.84
1899
5
-
523.27
1899
6
-
542.85
1899
7
-
558.16
1899
8
-
553.59
1899
9
-
552.48
1899
10
-
564.45
1899
11
-
527.53
1899
12
-
536.07
1900
1
-
547.33
1900
2
-
553.39
1900
3
-
562.18
1900
4
-
537.35
1900
5
-
523.17
1900
6
-
525.07
1900
7
-
534.20
1900
8
-
523.63
1900
9
-
544.67
1900
10
-
589.42
1900
11
-
627.11
1900
12
-
647.65
Click to show 342 more rows
Data Sources
The information on this page is derived from Robert Shiller's book, Irrational Exuberance and the accompanying dataset, as well as the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' monthly CPI logs.
Note that S&P index value for the current quarter is based on a moving average of closing prices, per Robert Shiller's methodology. The inflation data used is based on annual CPI averages.
About the author
Ian Webster is an engineer and data expert based in San Mateo, California. He has worked for Google, NASA, and consulted for governments around the world on data pipelines and data analysis. Disappointed by the lack of clear resources on the impacts of inflation on economic indicators, Ian believes this website serves as a valuable public tool. Ian earned his degree in Computer Science from Dartmouth College.
